Poland, Greece, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Italy all had population declines of less than 0.5% in 2023. By contrast, Malta (3.9%), Luxembourg (1.7%), Ireland and Cyprus (1.4% each) had the highest population growth.
In recent years, the population of Latvia has declined mainly as a result of negative natural growth, with the number of deaths exceeding the number of births. While in 2023 there was a positive migration balance (immigrants outnumbered emigrants), negative natural...