Latvia is already among the EU countries with the highest median age of the population. In 2025, it was about 44 years, which is higher than in 2015. This places Latvia among the EU countries with an older population structure. At the same time, an increase in life expectancy is expected. For women, the life expectancy, which reached about 80 years in 2025, could exceed 90 years by the end of the century. A significant increase is also projected for men — from about 70 to 85 years by 2100. The decline in population will continue. If at the beginning of 2025 there were about 1.86 million residents in the country, by 2050 their number could decrease to approximately 1.53 million, and by 2100 — to about 1.23 million people. This is more than twice less than at its peak — at the time of the collapse of the USSR. Forecasts indicate that the birth rate in Latvia is currently one of the lowest in the EU. The total fertility rate in 2025 is about 1.14 children per woman. By 2100, it is projected to rise to about 1.55 children per woman. The share of residents born abroad in Latvia is lower than in many Western European countries. Compared to countries like Luxembourg, Malta, or Cyprus, where those born abroad make up a significant part of the population, this figure in Latvia is moderate and below the level of EU leaders. The European Commission report emphasizes that the EU population will decrease from the current 450.6 million to about 445 million by 2050, and to 398.8 million by 2100. At the same time, it is expected that people will live longer than before.